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Question 11. A process-oriented definition of democracy emphasizesequality of result.the ways in which government worksthat everyone is equal.the ambiguity of the term democracy.1 pointsQuestion 21. Benchmarking performance improvement programs meanstargeted specific programs or functions.achieved some dramatic results.attempted to combine reduction of costs with increases in quality and timeliness.using standards and points of comparisons1 pointsQuestion 31. The idea of equality in American democratic thought generally refers toequality of talent and ability.equality of material possessions as an ideal.an equal claim to life liberty and the pursuit of happiness.the idea that the integrity of the individual is of supreme importance.1 pointsQuestion 41. The unusual visibility of the public administratoris rooted in the public purposes that are pursued.is rooted in the tendency toward corruption.is similar to the business administrator’s visibility.does not affect efficiency and responsiveness issues.1 pointsQuestion 51. Which of the following is NOT a principle of New Public Management?organizations need to be mission-drivenorganizations need to be incentive-based.organizations need to be centralized.organizations need to be responsive inter-organizational networks1 pointsQuestion 61. In a democratic society which is NOT a characteristic of pluralistic decision making?is a common feature of government.involves the participation by many groups and officials in governmental decisions.is a distinguishing feature that differentiates public and business administration.reduces the accountability of public officials1 pointsQuestion 71. The Office of Management and Budget isa feature of each state’s budget-making apparatus.concerned solely with evaluation of the fiscal efficiency of management practices.located in the Congress as an advisory body.the White House office charged with the actual preparation of the executive budget proposal that is conveyed to Congress.1 pointsQuestion 81. An example of clientele support isthe American Association of Retired Persons’ lobbying of Congress in support of Social Security Administration budgets.when the supervisors of the budget officer support that person.the National Rifle Association’s lobbying of Congress in support of better urban transportation systems.When the budget officer enjoys the support of the chief executive.1 pointsQuestion 91. As a management tool the budget steps includeproposal amendment passage.incremental rational bargained agreements.budget formation approval execution and audit.committee hearings mark-up and report of budgets.1 pointsQuestion 101. Fiscal policy is concerned principally withthe amount of money in circulation in the economy.funding of government programs.the impact of government taxation and expenditures of the economy.the business cycle.1 pointsQuestion 111. A grant by the federal government to a state or locality may be in the form of a block grant which isfunding provided for a specific purpose or project.for any purpose officials may select (within the law).funding provided for a general program or functional area.funding for a specific city block or neighborhood.1 pointsQuestion 121. About half of all local government revenue is obtained from the ______.property taxincome taxsales taxpayroll tax1 pointsQuestion 131. Internal sources of bureaucratic power includeclientele groups.information and expertise.vague legislative enactments.power-hungry administrators.1 pointsQuestion 141. The writing of vague policy and law by the Congress implies what for government agencies?Highly restricted agency action.The lack of administrative discretion.A highly accountable government agency.An opportunity for government agencies to shape policy through implementation.1 pointsQuestion 151. The strong mayor system of city governmentis rarely used in larger American cities.provides for the mayor to have a great deal of administrative and budgetary authority.is most common in small mid-western towns.does not give city councils policymaking authority1 pointsQuestion 161. Inputs into the systems model of politics and policy includeLaws regulations and decisions.Election results public opinion communication to elected officials and personal experiences of decision makers.Rules developed by administrative agencies.None of the above.1 pointsQuestion 171. Any issue problem or idea that could be considered in the policy process that does not fall outside various social and political norms in a particular society is found on theagenda universe.systemic agenda.institutional agenda.decision agenda.1 pointsQuestion 181. Public agencieswrite public policy proposals.do not provide testimony in support of policy proposals.have no role in formulating public policy.are not involved in the policy process1 pointsQuestion 191. Public policies arethe laws.made only in Congress.never made by public administrators.authoritative statements by legitimate governmental actors about public problems.1 pointsQuestion 201. Viewing public service in an ethical dimension involves recognition that actions taken by public administrators to carry out public policyinclude an effort to discover or clarify the public interest.are always subject to examination by legislators.will always involve moral dilemmas.are amoral since they involve power.1 pointsQuestion 211. The Pendleton Act of 1883 prohibitedactive participation in political campaigns by federal employees.political contributions by any federal employee.state employees from engaging in election campaign work.federal employees from serving as delegates to a party convention.1 pointsQuestion 221. The tension between efficiency and responsiveness is rooted inissues of effectiveness versus equity.issues of bureaucracy versus democracy.responsibility and irresponsibility.federalism1 pointsQuestion 231. The idea that a bureaucracy of professionals who follow the mandates of a legislature can meet the administrative requirements of a democracy is called the doctrine ofhierarchical organization.the spoils system.neutral competency.the iron law of oligarchy.1 pointsQuestion 241. When the administrator attempts to make a judgment concerning the desires of the public with respect to his/her tasks this is an example of_____.objective responsibilitysubjective responsibilityrepresentative bureaucracyparticipatory decision making1 pointsQuestion 251. A way of insuring administrative responsiveness that focuses on strict legislative supervision and tightly drawn statutes is ______.subjective responsibilityrepresentative bureaucracyobjective responsibilityparticipatory decision making1 pointsQuestion 261. The cost-effectiveness approach involvesa focus on identifying the impacts of alternative proposals.translating effective approaches into their dollar values.avoiding the use of dollar values in assessing either the effectiveness or costs associated with a proposal.identifying the critical path in a project.1 pointsQuestion 271. A common limitation of quantitative techniques for selecting a policy alternative isthe difficulty of assigning dollar value to such variables as pain suffering and lives saved.the inability to take account of the effects of inflation.lack of access to computers.the lack of quantitative methods1 pointsQuestion 281. In the effort to contract out governmental activitiesnon-governmental organizations have taken on governmental roles.no new ethical questions concerning the motives of service-providers are raised.existing mechanisms for control and accountability will continue to work well.little challenge to issues of democratic values is involved.1 pointsQuestion 291. Which of the following is NOT a problem faced by researchers involved in the conduct of a true experiment in a social program?identifying the treatment or interventiondifficulty in establishing two comparable groups one experimental the other a control group.ethical concern for the fate of participants in the experimental group.establishing randomness in assignment of persons to the experimental or control group.1 pointsQuestion 301. In an experiment the control group isthe recipient of intervention or treatment.unnecessary.unknown to the experimenter.not the recipient of intervention or treatment.1 pointsQuestion 311. Someone studying the number of lives saved as a result of the national government’s automobile safety regulations would conductan outcomes evaluation.a process evaluation.an experiment.intensive interviews.1 pointsQuestion 321. The compilation of all federal rules currently in effect is:Code of Federal RegulationsU.S. CodeFederal RegisterU.S. Code Annotated1 pointsQuestion 331. The U.S. Supreme Court has held that local zoning regulations are constitutional if:They bear a rational relation to the health and safety of the communityThey are uniformly applied throughout the stateThey do not restrict commercial developmentOwners are paid fair market value compensation if the uses of their property are restricted1 pointsQuestion 341. Which of the following most accurately describes how to read a statute:All relevant statutory provisions will be collected into a single sectionAlthough there may be multiple publications containing statutes only the official publication will always be up to dateInternet versions are always more reliable than the print versionsBoth print and Internet versions should be checked for later changes1 pointsQuestion 351. On what basis did the U.S. Supreme Court find that the Equal Protection Clause applied to the federal government?The express terms of the ConstitutionCombined with due process it is part of basic fairnessThe Ninth AmendmentThe Sixth Amendment1 pointsQuestion 361. To what extent must criminal trials be open to the public?They may be closed only to protect a compelling governmental interest in a manner narrowly tailored to that purposeThey may never be closedThey may be closed at the judges discretionThey may be closed except for a right of press access1 pointsQuestion 371. Corpus Juris Secundum is:A legal encyclopedia with broad coverage of most legal subjectsAn Internet update serviceThe principle that an opinion should be followed unless the law has changedThe principle that statutes should always be double-checked1 pointsQuestion 381. An agency rule that explains an agencys understanding of the law or its regulations is known as:SubstantiveInterpretiveProceduralAppellate1 pointsQuestion 391. POSDCORBis an acronym developed by Woodrow Wilsonrefers to the functions of public management.refers to the functions of the post office.is a type of organizational structure1 pointsQuestion 401. Arbitration in labor-management negotiationsuses a neutral third party to negotiate a settlement.uses a third party to investigate and issue specific recommendations concerning a settlement.is a fact-finding process normally followed by binding recommendations.does not occur in the governmental sector.1 pointsQuestion 411. Mediation in labor management negotiationsuses a neutral third party to negotiate a settlement.uses a third party to investigate and issue specific recommendations concerning a settlement.is a fact-finding process normally followed by binding recommendations.does not occur in the governmental sector.1 pointsQuestion 421. In recent years state and local merit systems in the personnel functionhave contracted as a result of due process requirements based on court decisions.have become weaker as a result of pressure from the federal government.have been strengthened as a result of expanding public employee due process protection provided by courts.have been dominated by political party machines.1 pointsQuestion 431. The Pendleton Act provided forestablishment of a Human Rights Commission.mandated federal employee contributions to election campaigns.merit-based selection of government employees.the spoils system1 pointsQuestion 441. Employers are responsible for the acts of their employees negligence:Only if the employees act was intentionalOnly if the employer failed to give warnings of foreseeable harmIf the negligent act was within the scope of authority associated with the workOnly if the negligent act was not within the scope of authority associated with the work1 pointsQuestion 451. One of the main criticisms of globalization is that itmakes the powerful more powerful and wealthy.actually makes everyone less well off.outsources jobs from developing to developed countries.prevents poorer countries from expanding their economies.1 pointsQuestion 461. Democratic peace theory asserts thatthere is a connection between regime type and war.the balance of power in the international system is predictive of conflict.countries with stagnant economies are more likely to engage in war.religious fundamentalism is an important factor behind conflict.1 pointsQuestion 471. A primary objective for both insurgency and guerilla warfare is todefeat the enemy on the field of battle.raise the costs of conflict as higher than any benefit to the attacker.force the intervention of the UN to end the conflict.use high-tech weapons against the attacker.1 pointsQuestion 481. International politics is an area in which vital decisions are made based onunderstandings of cause and effect.fear and misunderstanding.political will.moral guidance.1 pointsQuestion 491. The U.S. government wants China to allow its currency to increase in value in order toraise the value of the U.S. dollar.help moderate the American trade deficit with China.lower American interest rates.create competitive devaluation.1 pointsQuestion 501. The evolution of todays international system has been dominated bythe expansion of colonialism.the development of a system of sovereign states in Europe and its spread to the rest of the world.the establishment of the United Nations and its growing influence.the development of the Cold War in the twentieth century.